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4 Sheets-Sheet 1r ApWBLIN. Y BRBEGHMBGHAMSM POR GUNS.

N0 497,695. (Patented May 16, 1893.h

UNIV

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BRE'GH MBIGHANISM 1.7011 GUNS. y No. 497,695,A .Patented May 1 6, 1893;

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(No Model.) y

A; WBL1N.-- v BREEGH MBQHANISM FOR GUNS. No, 497,695. Patented May-16,1893.*

"$29.62. .9 CJ v 3 c3 UNITD? STAT-Es] PATENT OFFICE.

AXELv wELfIINQor LoNDoN, ENGLAND.

BREEQH MECHANISNI` FORGUNS.

SPECIFICATION forming parser Letters 'rarest No. 497,695, sages May 16,1893.

Application filed July 11,1392. Serial No. 439,640. (No model.)Patentedinilrance July 25, 1891.110. 215,118 in Germany .l'uly 30,1891,1105611561, andinisweden August 27, 1891.11?. 3.434.

To all whom it may concern: l

Be it known that I, AXEL VELIN, mechani- Y cal engineer, a subject. ofthe King ofSweden and Norway, residing at the Scandinavian SailorsTemperance Home, GrarfonlStreet,l

London, in the count-y et' Middlesex, England, have inventedcertain newand yuseful Breech Mechanism for` Guns, (for which I have rescribed, andare clearly illustrated in theaccompanying drawings, in which- Figure lis a rear elevation (partly in section), of the breech end of a gun withmy improvements applied. Fig. 2 is aside elevation thereof. Fi g. 3 is atransverse section on the line 3 3 of Fig. 2, wthsome of the inte.

rior parts in elevation. Fig. 4 is a similar transverse section with theparts in different posit-ions from those shown in Fig. 3;A Fig. 5 is acentral section on the line 5-5 of Fig. 1, with seme of the interiorparts in elevation. Fig. (S is a similar section on the line (-GofFig. 1. Fig. 'l` is a plan view of the breech end of the gun, with thebreech block with'- drawn and swung back. Fig. S is a side clevation ofthe breech block. Fil. E) isa transverse section thereof on the line 9 9of Fig. s. Fig. l0 is arear elevation of the` Vcarrier ring and table.the same. Fig. 122 is a detail View in section, showing particularlyiheconstruction and operation of the. mechanismV for locking the carrierring to the mechanism for withdrawing it from the breech of the gum Fig.13 is a plan view of the carrier ring and table..

. Figs. 14 and 15 are'detail viewson an enlarged scaleof the mechanismfor controlling the longitudinal movement of the screw shaft whichoperates the breech block'.

A hole A' is bored transversely in the rear 'end A, of the gun below thebreech opening. "The hole A. extends nearly but not quite through thegun and at one end is closed hy Fig. l1 is a side elevation of a cap o.Within the holeis arranged a shaft B, which 1s provided with a worm 13and a series of collars B2, (five being shown.) It is -smaller radiusyor nearer to the center of the block than the screw threads c2, c2, ofthe segments C2 C2, and the screw threads c2 c2 of the segments G2 C2are nearer to the center than the screw threads c3, c3 of the segmentsC3 C2. The inner walls of the spaces C, C", are nearer vto the centerthan the screw threads c2, c3.

Each set of teeth or screw-threads in each successive are of thecircumference is thus arranged at dillerent distances from the center oraxis of the block. about one-eighth of the circumference of the block.'lhe block is, therefore, divided into eight divisions. screw threads onit corresponding with each of the screwthreads on the block. lVhen thebreech block istnrned in the breech of the gun through an are offorty-five (or one-eighth of 'an entire revolution), the screw threads cassume the position previously occupied hy the sci ,awthread c2, butbeingof smaller diamo ter, do not engage with the threads within thebreech of the gun. Similarly, the screw threads c2 passte the positionpreviously occupied by the screw threads c and likewise, do not. engage.At the same time,the screw threads c" pass to the blanksegments in thebreech ofthe gun (corresponding tothe blank segments C4). The breechblock may then be drawn rearward vout of the gun. Similarly; when thebreech block is replaced, a rotation through an arc 'of .forty-fivedegrees (or one.-

veighth o f an entire revolution) locks it securely. The hre-ech blockalso has upon it a longitudinal rack or scrlcsof teeth U", see Fig.

8. l'lhis rack extends from one end of the breech' block to the ot-her,the last few teeth at the rear end or outer end, as shown in Fig.

Each segmentoccupies g The 'lhe breech or the gun has IOO gitudinal rackor series of teeth C5, on the B, of the handle.

8, being longer than the other teeth. The` breech block is also providedwith a series of teeth C, clearly shown in most of the figures, whichgear with the collars B2, on the shaft The breech block is snpportedby acarrier ring D, and cradle or table D', the construction of which isshown in detail in Figs. 10, 11 and 13, and which is also shown inworking posit-ion in other -figures of the drawings. This ring andytable are hinged to the gun by-a vertical shaft E, having upon itsopposite ends pinion's E' E2, partly toothed and partly plain, as shownin Fig. l and also more clearly in Fig. 13.. These pinions work in slotsw, in brackets A2, fixed on the rear end of the gun. On one side of eachslot there is a series 4of teeth A2, which gear with the teeth upon thepinion E or E2. The shaft E, also has at its upperV end a frictionroller E3, and near its lower end, a worm-wheel F, which is formedintegrally with a pinion F', located above it. In Fig. l, the arms dd'of the carrier-ring are seen arranged on the shaft E, above the pinionF', and below .the worm-wheel F. The worin-wheel F,gears with the wormB'on the shaft B, and the pinion F gears with the lonbreech block. Thisdetail of construction is shown clearly in Fig. 5. It is also indicatedin other figures.

A locking bolt G, is arranged to slide in a 'slot g', in the under sideof the table D', as

shown in Figs. l and. 12. 4It has upwardly projecting lugs G' and G2.Lug G either lies in a curved slot F2 in the worm-wheel F, or elseengages with a notch F3, at-one end of the slot F2, (see Fig. 12.) Thelug G2, when the table D' is in contact with the'breech ofl the gun,lies in an inclined notch g in a bracket A4securedtothegun.Apinion`H,ismounted on a shaft ll', (Figs. 3 and 4,) secured to the gun.Its edge is slotted at 71., to receive the disk B4, secured to theend'of the shaft B. The teeth of the pinion H,have circular concave tops(Fig. 14), in which the cylindrical part of the single toothed pinion B3lies, so

that the pinion cannot turn until the tooth b of the pinion B3 comesinto gear with it. The pinion H is provided with-a notch H2 for apurpose hereinafter described. l

The construction 0f the mechanism having now been clearly described, Iwill describe the operation Vof the apparatus.'

screwed home or locked in the breech of the gun, the worm-wheel F,cannotturn because itis geared to the block by the pinion F',.and rackC5, and as the pinion F' cannot move the block, it Abeing alreadylocked, the worm-wheel F, at the first part of the movement of- 'rota'tion of the handle, will'act as a fixed nut for the Worin B' to work in,so that at first the v rotation of -the handle causes the shaft -B tomove lengthwise, or froinright to left, as shown in Fig. 2, and thus, byreason of the collars B2 engaging with vthe teeth the breech block Cwill be Vcaused to rotate and disengage its screws C' C2, CB from thecorrespending screws in the breech in a manner heretofore explained, andas'shown .in Fig. 4.

`When the breech block has thusbeennnlocked, a further 'longitudinalmovement of the `handle is prevented, the segment of teeth C6 beingstopped by a corresponding shoulder in the recess C", in which it moves.As the handle is coming to the end ot' its longitudinal movement,-thedisk B4 passes through the observed, that each rotation of the handle`after its longitudinal movement has ceased, moves the pinion' H througha space equal to one tooth, and carries the notch H2 away from the diskB4,.so that the shaft B, cannot again move longitudinally until an equalnumber of turns in the reverse direction have ,been 1 given to it. Whenthe -block isV fully withdrawn, the notched end ot' the slot F2., in theworm-wheel F, comes against the lug G', on -th'e bolt G, and prevents itfrom any longer turning relatively to the table D'. `Its furtherrotation, therefore, causes the table D' and carrier-ring D, the breechblock C, to swing back rearwardly about the shaft E. As thetable D',comes away from the breech of the gun, the

inclined vslot g, in the bracket A4, actingon the lug G2, on the bolt G,draws the bolt to -lhe in the worm-wheel F, locking the latter firmly tothe table D'. At this time, also the pinions E' and E2,on the shaft E,come into gear with the racks A3, and in this way, the breech well clearof the breech opening, as shown in Fig. 7. In closing the breech,-thereversev has been done, the end of the slot F2 inthe It is clear thatwhen the breech block C is worm-wheel F, .comesuagainst the lug G' andarrests the rotation ofthe worm-whee1 E'. The notch H2 has new',however, come back to the disk B4, and freed the handle longitudithesegments of the said screw-vthreads in each successive arc of thecircumference be- -r-ight, causing the lug G to enter the notch F s,` l

I IO block as it swings backis also carried Atooneside cessive arc 1ofthe circumference being arranged at a dierent distance from 'the centeror axis of the block. l 3. The combination with the breech of a gun, ofa breech block adapted to turn in the breech opening, alongitudinal-rack or series of teeth upon the breech block, a pint'angear ing with the rack,a support or carrier for the block when withdrawnhinged vto a shaft which carriesthe pinion a rack upon the gun, teethupon the shaft which engage .with thel rack on the gun after thejblockhas been withdrawn, whereby theblock is ca rriedwitli its support to oneside c l'earof the opening of the breech, and means foroperatin'g thepin*-- ion and connections between theshatt ofthe pinion, and thesupport for the breech block.

4. 'lhe combination with a gun, a breech block, means for turn-ing it inthe breech opening to lock and unlock it, a pinion engaging with alongitudinal rack-on the breech block, means for operating thepinionto-niove the block longitudinally to withdraw-fit from Ithe gun, a shafton` which the pinionis mounted, stationary racks or teeth on the gun andde'-v vices carried by the shaft of the-pinion whichf engage with theracks or teeth, whereby when the breech block iswithdrawn'from the v gunit is carried to one side, clear ot'4 the opening of the breech. 'I

5. 'Phe combination with agun, of a breech.' block'locked and unlockedby a partial turn, a shaft mounted in the-gun and freeto rotate and alsoto move longitudinally, devices for limiting the longitudinal movementyofthe shaft, gearing connecting `the shaft tofthe block for turning itas the shaft-moveslongitudinally, and gearing connecting` the shaft withthe block for movingr the block longitudinally, as the shaft rotates.

6. In breech mechanism for guiis,the combination Wit-h a breech blocklocked and .un. locked by a partial turn, a shaft free to rotate andalso to move longitudinally, gearing'connecting the shaft with the blockfor turning it, as the shaft is rotated and' as it is movedlongitudinally, and gearing connecting .thev shaft andthe block to.withdraw the block from the breech opening as the shaft is rotated andis held against movement longitudi- 4llally- 7. rlhe combination with agun, of a breech block locked and unlocked bya partialturn, a series ofteeth, and a longitudinal rack upon the block,a shaft free torotate andalso to move longitudinally, collars on theshaft engaging with theseries of teeth on the block', a worm on the shaft, a worm wheel gearingwith thc worm on the shaft, and a pinion connected with the worm wheeland gearing with the rack on the block.

-8. The combination with the breech of a by a partial turn, a series ofteeth, andalougitudin'alrack on the breech block, a shaft free to rotateand alsoto move longitudinally,

Ydevices for intermittently holding the shaft against longitudinalmovement, collars on the shaft gearing with th`e teeth ou the block, aWorm on the shaft, a Worm wheel gearing gun, of abreech block locked andunlocked therewith, a pinion connected with the Worm wheel and gearingwith the rack on the'block,

and a table or support for the breech block,

hinged to the shaft whchcarries the worm wheel, andwhich turns with saidshaft and worm wheel. i'

9. The combination with the breech ofa gun, ofa breech block locked andunlocked by a partial turn,a series of teeth and'alon-4 gitudinal rackel the breech block, a handle havinga shaft free to rotate and also tomove longitudinally, collars on the handle gearing with the teeth ontheblock, a worm on' the gearing with the rack on the block, asupporthandle, a Worm-wheel gearing therewith,a pinion connected with theworm-wheel and for the block'hinged to the shaft of the wormwheel, arack on the gun, aseriesof teeth f fixed tothe gun,l and teeth carriedbythe shaft of the .worm-wheel which come into gear with I `the yrack onthe gun 'after the block has been withdrawn and carry it anditssupper-tto one side,clear'of'th'bpen'ing of .the breech;

19; The` combination with'l the'gun, of a' IOO breech blocklocked andunlocked by a partial turn,a series of teeth and alongitudinal rack theblock, a worm on theshaftof the handle,

a worm-wheel gearingtherewith, a pinion conon ,the breech bl'ock,ahandlehaving a shaft i l. A freerto rotate and also to movelongitudinally,

nected withsaid worm-wheel and gearing with' the rackon the block,atableor support'l for the block hinged-'to the-shaft of the worm-wheel,

' mechanism for locking the-table to the Worm- IIO wheel when; theformeris turned back away from'the gun, and mechanism for preventing thehandle from Amoving longitudinally when thebreech is being closed untilthe block has been run home longitudinally.` i

A.11. The combination with the gun, of a breech block locked andunlocked by a partial turn, a series of teeth and a longitudinal rack onthe breech. block, a lhandle having a shaft. i. free to rotateand alsoto move longitudinally relatively to the gun, collars on the-,handlegearing with the teeth on the block, a `worm on the handle, a worm-wheelgearing there-` with, a pinion connected with said wormwheela'nd'gearing with the rack on the block, a table 'or'support for theblock when with- IIS@ drawn, hinged to the shaft of the worin-wheel,

a bolt in the table having twolugs, a circular slot in the worm-wheelreceiving one of said lugs and'havinganotch at one end, a bracketsecured to tue gun and having aslot to receive thc other lug, a disksecured to the shaft of the handle, a piuionon the gun having .a groovein its curved face to receive the said tzal' disk, and a notch at oneside to allow the table or support for the breech block when disk toescape at one point from the groove, and means for rotating the pinionslower than the handle.

12. The combination with the gun, of a breech block1 locked and unlockedby a partial turn, a shaft mounted in the gun and free to rotate andalso to move longitudinally, gearing connecting the shaft to the blockfor turning it, gearing connecting the shaft with the block for movingthe block longitndinally, a

withdrawn, connections between this table and the shaft for moving itaway from the breech opening, as the shaft is operated, and the lockingmechanism engaging the shaft to prevent its longitudinal movement whenit is turned or rotated to return thetable into position at the breechof the gun.

' AXEL WELIN.

Witnesses: a

F. C. CARPENTER, 24 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane,

London, W. C'.

THOMAS LAKE, 17 Graceohw'ch Street, London, E. C'.

